Calculation Method

This year’s data set included 1,510 institutions selected by the Pre-Analysis Institution Screening, with scores calculated by eight indicators. All of the indicators were normalized by using T-score to obtain the finalized score. After year 2020, T-score was calculated by percentage system, then transformed into the finalized score. In the final step, the ranking system calculated the final score of each university by using the indicator weightings and then sorted out the universities by their final scores; for universities with the same scores, they were sorted alphabetically. It should be noted that many universities obtained similar scores, and the slight differences in the final scores must be interpreted carefully. A university with a slightly higher score than another may not necessarily suggest superior performance in scientific research, as the two universities might be in very close proximity in the rankings.